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| Year : 2012 | Volume
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| Issue : 2 | Page : 98-101 |
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| Dismembered pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction syndrome treatment in children |
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João Moreira-Pinto1, Angélica Osório2, Fernando Vila3, João Luís Ribeiro de Castro2, Armando Réis3
1 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
2 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
3 Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal, Portugal
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| Date of Web Publication | 6-Aug-2012 |
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 Abstract | | |
Background: Open dismembered pyeloplasty remains the preferred surgical technique for ureteropelvic junction syndrome (UPJS) in most paediatric urology units. The authors present their experience of 230 patients and describe their form of presentation, treatment and early and long-term results. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical records of 230 patients submitted to dismembered pyeloplasty in an 8-year period, from 1999 until 2007. Pre-operative data, early and long-term complications were registered. Image studies included renopelvic ultrasonography, mercapto-acetyl triglycine (MAG3) renal scan with furosemide test and, in some cases, elimination urography and retrograde cystography. Pre-operative and post-operative results were compared. Results: Median age of our patients at time of surgery was 14.9 months (range: 21 days until 16.6 years). The majority of patients were male (72%, n = 166) and 74% (n = 120) had pre-natal diagnosis. The majority of hydronephrosis were in the left side (61%, n = 141). There were only 3% of complications in early post-operative period: four had acute pyelonephritis, two had renocutaneous fistula and one died due to respiratory failure. Mean follow-up period was 5 years, ranging from 12 months to 9.7 years. There was only one case of recurrence with the need of reoperation. Comparing pre-operative and post-operative imaging results, we found that 89% had normal renal function, 7% diminished but better than before and 2% equal as before surgery. Conclusion: Open dismembered pyeloplasty is a safe and effective treatment in paediatric UPJS. Keywords: Adolescent, child, hydronephrosis, pyeloplasty, ureteropelvic junction obstruction
How to cite this article:
Moreira-Pinto J, Osório A, Vila F, de Castro JR, Réis A. Dismembered pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction syndrome treatment in children. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2012;9:98-101 |
How to cite this URL:
Moreira-Pinto J, Osório A, Vila F, de Castro JR, Réis A. Dismembered pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction syndrome treatment in children. Afr J Paediatr Surg [serial online] 2012 [cited 2019 Dec 8];9:98-101. Available from: http://www.afrjpaedsurg.org/text.asp?2012/9/2/98/99392 |
One of the most common pathologies in paediatric urology units is ureteropelvic junction syndrome (UPJS). It represents the most common cause for hydronephrosis in children. [1] Despite recent advances in minimally invasive techniques, open dismembered pyeloplasty remains the preferred surgery for correction of ureteropelvic obstruction in most paediatric urology units. In this study, we present our experience with open pyeloplasty in the last 8 years.
| Material and Methods | |  |
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of all patients submitted to dismembered pyeloplasty from 1999 until 2007. Indications for surgery were symptomatic obstruction and asymptomatic obstruction with an impaired split renal function less than 40%, or a decrease of split renal function of more than 10% in subsequent studies. In case of bilateral UPJS, the two kidneys were not approached simultaneously. The kidney showing worst obstruction pattern was operated first.
Anderson-Hynes type dismembered pyeloplasty was performed retroperitoneally through flank incision. Double J catheter was placed in an antegrade fashion after the posterior wall of the pyeloureteric anastomoses was completed. All patients had a perinephric drain and Foley catheter placed. Foley catheter was removed on post-operative day 1 or 2, and if the perinephric drain output remained minimal, it was removed on the same day.
Ceftriaxone IV was administered for prophylaxis before surgery. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole PO was continued until Double J catheter was removed 4 to 6 weeks after surgery. The Double J catheter was removed cystoscopically under general anaesthesia.
Follow-up imaging consisted of ultrasound at 1 month post-operatively. A renal scan was performed 4 to 6 months later. Further imaging examinations were based on surgeon preference and degree of improved hydronephrosis.
We analysed pre-operative data, short- and long-term complications. Image studies included renal and vesical ultrasonography, MAG3 renal scan followed by furosemide administration and in some cases intravenous urography. Retrograde urography was performed in all patients with previous history of urinary infection. Pre-operative and post-operative results were compared.
| Results | | |
During the period going from 1 st January, 1999 until 31 st December, 2007, 230 children were surgically treated for UPJS in our institution. 165 (72%) were males and 65 (28%) were females. All of them were submitted to Andersen-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty. Ureteropelvic obstruction was left sided in 141 children (61%), right sided in 86 (37%) and bilateral in 3 (2%) [Figure 1]. A total of 233 pyeloplasties were performed.
In 74% (n = 166), there was prenatal diagnosis, against 26% (n = 64) that had no prenatal diagnosis. Fifty patients in the group without prenatal diagnosis had one or more symptoms [Table 1]. In the remaining 14, UPJS was an incidental finding.
Age average was 17 months in the prenatal diagnosis group (median = 9 months; range, 21 days - 14 years) and 8 years in the group without prenatal diagnosis (median = 8.3 years; range, 2.7 months - 15 years) [Figure 2].
Concerning immediate post-operative complications, there were four acute pyelonephritis and two renocutaneous fistulas. One child died because of respiratory distress one hour after surgery, what interpreted as an anaesthetic complication. There was only one case of pyeloplasty redo, due to UPJS persistence.
Mean follow-up period was 5 years, ranging from 12 months to 9.7 years. Comparing image studies from pre-operative and post-operative period, we found that 89% had a normal renal function, 7% had it diminished but somehow better and 2% had no recovery in renal function [Figure 3]. | Figure 3: Comparison preoperative and post-operative of image studies results
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| Discussion | | |
UPJS represents the dilatation of renal pelvis due to obstruction in the ureteropelvic junction. UPJS is the most frequent urological malformation (40-60%), and it can be bilateral in 10% to 20% of the cases. [1],[2] The first reconstructive procedure of the ureteropelvic junction was performed by Kuster in 1891. In 1949, when Anderson and Hynes described their technique consisting of dismembered pyeloplasty with ureteral spatulation, the procedure widespread and rapidly became the most common procedure for UPJS. [3] The morbidity associated to lumbotomy incision forced the development of new minimally invasive techniques: anterograde endopyelotomy, retrograde endopyelotomy, retrograde endopyelotomy with electrosurgical cutting wire and low-pressure tamponade balloon (Acucise) and laparoscopic pyeloplasty. [4]
Growing evidence suggests that laparoscopic pyeloplasty is becoming the standard of care in adults. However, to date, only few comparative paediatric studies of conventional laparoscopic and open pyeloplasties have been reported. [5],[6],[7],[8],[9] Analysing these reports, laparoscopy is associated with shorter hospital stay, less narcotic use and less pain. On the other hand, laparoscopic pyeloplasty implies a longer operative time and seems associated with more urinary leaks. The short number of patients and the short follow-up period is insufficient to draw solid conclusions. [9] Regarding the heterogenicity of the published result, it seems clear that surgeon experience, equipment available and the correct selection of the patient are key elements for the success of these techniques. [10],[11],[12] Open dorsal lumbar approach for dismembered pyeloplasty in children has been previously shown to be safe and efficacious in the treatment of UPJS. [13] Ureteral catheters help align the anastomosis, allowing to heal in a straight, dependent position and, thus avoiding the risk of ureteral kinking and late recurrent obstruction. Furthermore, the combination of ureteral stent placement and indwelling catheter drainage for 24 to 48 hours after surgery may prevent urine leakage at the anastomotic site and potentially avoid a local inflammatory reaction. [14] Our series of 230 patients shows a low complication rate (3%), with only one UPJS persistence. These findings are consistent with those presented by other authors. [8],[13],[14],[15]
In our series, we found that 98% had either normal or some recovery in their renal function post-operatively. There is little data in the literature on functional improvement in renal function. Wang et al., presented a series of 30 patients, 91% to 92% were stable or had improved differential renal function 5 years after surgery. [16] O'Reilly presents a series of 26 UPJS patients, of which 10 had their renal function improved post-operatively and 16 remained the same (8 normal and 8 reduced pre-operatively). [17] We believe that the high success rate in our study might be related with early surgical treatment.
| Conclusions | | |
Open dismembered pyeloplasty is a safe and effective treatment for UPJS in the paediatric population and it remains the first choice in the treatment of ureteropelvic obstruction in our unit.
| Acknowledgments | | |
The authors would like to thank all the paediatricians who helped us following up our patients: Dr. AbÍlio Guimarães (Ovar), Dra. Célia Madalena (Póvoa de Varzim), Dra. Conceiçγo Mota (Porto), Dra. Cristina Miguel (Famalicão), Dra. Edite Tomás (Penafiel), Dr. Elói Pereira (Porto), Dra. Fátima Dias (Vila Real), Dra. Graça Ferreira (Vila Nova de Gaia), Dra. Helena Silva (Braga), Dr. Humberto Fernandes (Barcelos), Dra. Idalina Maciel (Víana do Castelo), Dr. Jorge Vaz Duarte (Aveiro), Dr. José Carlos Matos (Chaves), Dra. Judite Marques (Bragança), Dra. Laura Soares (Oliveira de Azeméis), Dra. Liliana Rocha (Porto) Dra. Manuela Ferreira (Bragança), Dr. Matos Marques (Braga), Dr. Óscar Vaz (Mirandela), Dra. Paula Matos (Porto), Dra. Paula Rocha (Aveiro), Dr. Paulo Teixeira (Famalicão), Dra. Ricardo Araújo (Santa Maria da Feira), Dra. Sameiro Faria (Porto), Dra. Teresa Costa (Porto), Dr. VirgÍlio Oliveira (Amarante).
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Correspondence Address:
João Moreira-Pinto
Serviço de Cirurgia Pediátrica, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Rua da Boavista, 827, 4050-111 Porto
Portugal
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0189-6725.99392
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]
[Table 1] |
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